去许多中国著名景点旅游的不仅有中国人还有外国人，下面皮学网小编为你带来了著名景点旅游英文导游词范文，希望对你有所帮助! 黄山英文导游词 Good morning! Lidies and gentlemen. I am very glad to be your local guide of this trav
Iamveryproudtohavetheopportunitytobeyourguide.TodaywearegoingtovisitGreatWall.
HistoryofTheGreatWall(长城的历史)
ConstructionoftheGreatWallfirstbeganintheseventhcenturyBC.Atthattime,itwascalledSpringandAutumnPeriod.Thefirstsectionofwall,thatappearedinChina,wasbuiltbytheQinKingdomandtheChuKingdom.Theyhadahighwallwhichwascalled“squarewall”or“squarecity”builtsurroundingtheirownterritoriestodefendtheattackoftheirneighboringenemy.SoitwasalsoknownastheQiGreatWallandtheChuGreatWall.Inordertodefendthemselvesagainsttheinfringingenemyfromtheneighboringstates,allthekingdomshadsectionsofhighwallsconstructedaroundtheirownterritoriesforself-protection.Theybuilthighwallsatthestrategicpointsofthenorth.ThesehighwallsweretheprimitiveprototypeofthepresentdayGreatWallandlaidthefoundationforthepresentGreatWall.
InChinesehistory,thisisthelargestprojectcarriedoutinthreedynastiesthatbroughttheclimaxofthedevelopmentoftheGreatWall.Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwasconcentratedintheQin,HanandMingdynasties.
In221BC,QinShihuangdefeatedtheothersixkingdomsandunifiedChina.Inordertoconsolidatetheunity,hedecidedtolinkuptheseparatesectionsofhighwalls,builtbydifferentkingdoms,intotheGreatWall.
ThenhesentMengTian,amilitarygeneral,with300,000soldiersandonemillioncivilianuptonorthtobuilduptheGreatWall.Agreatmanysectionswerelinkedupandexpanded,andfinallyitwasextendedintoaGreatWall.Whenitwasfinished,thetotallengthoftheGreatWallwasover7,000kilometerslong.TheQinGreatWallstartedfromLintao,GansuProvinceinthewestandendedinLiaodong,LiaoningProvinceintheeast.
Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwasongoingthroughtoutthereignofEmperorWuDiintheHanDynasty.InordertowardofftheHunsaswellastoprotecttheSilkRoad,theyalsohadtheGreatWallextendedtowardsthewestforanother5,000kilometerslongtotheLopNurLakeintoday’sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.TheHanGreatWallstartedfromtheLiaodongPeninsulaintheeast,andendedatthefootoftheTianshanMountaininXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,withatotallengthof10,000kilometers.
Thelastlarge-scaleprojectontheGreatWallwascarriedoutintheMingDynasty.In1368,rightafterZhuYuanzhangestablishedtheMingDynasty,hestartedthereconstructionoftheGreatWallimmediatelyonthebasisoftheQinGreatWall.SincetheremainingforcesoftheYuanoftenmadecounterattacksonBeijingandthethreatsofthenewlyraisedethnictribeof“NuZhen”alsothreatenedtheMingCourt,MingEmperorZhuYuanzhangpaidgreatattentiontoconstructionoftheGreatWallandstationedtroopsalongtheWall.
ThewholeprojectoftheMingGreatWalltookmorethan200yearstocomplete,andtherewere18large-scaleconstructionsoftheGreatWallintheMingDynasty.Afterthat,thetotallengthofMingGreatWallwasmorethan7,000kilometersfromYaluRiverinLiaoningProvinceintheeast,toJiayuguanPassinGansuProvinceinthewest.Itpassesninecities,provincesandautonomousregionsofLiaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Beijing,Shanxi,InnerMongolia,Shanxi,NingxiaandGansu.ThisistheGreatWallweseetoday.
ThemainforcefortheGreatWallwascomposedofsolidiersdefendingthefrontier,exilesandcriminals,aswellasthelocallaborers.
InancienttimestheGreatWallwasnotonlyastrongdefensiveprojectbutalsoplayedaveryimportantmilitaryandeconomicrole.ThefunctionoftheGreatWallinChineseHistorywasmainlyinMilitarystrategies,Economy,andPerfectharmonyofvariousnationalities.ThemostimportantisinMilitarystrategies.
TheGreatWallatJuyongguanPass(居庸关长城)
JuyongguanPassislocatedat50kilometersnorthwestofdowntownBeijing.Themountionsflankingthevalleyhavemanygracefulpeaks.Theslopesonbothsidesofthenarrowpassesarecoveredwithdensetreesandplants.So,itusedtobeoneofthefamous”EightViewsofYanjing”.Therewasa20-kilometer-longvalleycalled“GuangouValley”fromsouthtonorth,with4passesalongthevalleynamed“Nankou，Juyongguan，ShangguanandBadaling”.TheywereofgreatstrategicimportanceindefendingthenationalcapitalofBeijing.JuYongguanPassisoneofthem.
Thename“Juyong”inChinesemeans“aplaceofpoorlaborers”.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,EmperorQinShihuangforcedmanyconscriptstobuildthispartoftheGreatWall.
InsideJuyongPassthereisanancientmarbleplatformknownas“CloudTerrace”.Itwasfirstbuiltin1342duringtheYuanDynasty.ThereusedtobethreeTibetanstylepagodasbuiltontheterracewitharoadpassingunderitfromnorthtosouth.Therefore,itwasalsocalled“TheCrossingRoadPagoda”.Later,whenthepagodasweredestroyed,atemplewasbuiltontheverysite.However，thetemplewasburntdowninafireintheearlyyearsoftheQingDynasty，soonlytheterraceremained.TherearealsoBuddhistscripturesinscribedonthestonewallintheSanskrit，Tibetan，Basiba(akindofMongolianscript)，Xixia，UygurandHanlanguages.Theyofferuswonderfulexamplesoftheirexquisiteworkmanshipandvividnessincarving.TheyareextremelyvaluabletothestudyofBuddhismandancientlanguages.
TodayonthewaytoBadalingGreatWallyoucanseearailwayrunningbytheBadalingExpressway.Itiswell-knownattheBeijing-ZhangjiakouRailway.Itismorethan200kilometersawayfromBeijingtoZhangjiakou.TherailwayisveryfamousinChinabecauseitwasthefirstrailwaydesignedandconstructedbyChineseitself.ItschiefdesignerwasZhanTianyou-afamousrailwayengineerinChina.
TheGreatWallatBadaling(八达岭长城)
TheBadalingGreatWallisabout75kilometersnorthwestofBeijing，anditisthebest-preservedpartoftheGreatWall.Badameans“convenienttransportationtoalldirections”.RoadsfromBadalingleadtoYanqingCountrytoitsnorth;Xuanhua,ZhangjiakouandDatongtothewest;totheeastisYongningandSihai;Beijingistothesouth.Fromherepeoplecangotoalldirections，hencethenameofBadaling.TheBadalingsectionisabout12kilometerslongwith24watchtowersand4wallplatforms.TherearefourcharactersinscribedontheeasternpassofBadaling;“Juyongwaizhen”whichmeanstherewasanotherstrategictownoutsidetheJuyongPass.OnthewesternpassofBadaling,thereisaninscriptionwithfourwords“Beimensuoyue”carvedonthetopofthepass,whichmeans,“akeytothenorthgate”,describingthatBadalingPasswasjustlikealockonthegateofBeijing.Therefore,ifthegatewasunlockedbyakey,Beijingwouldbeopentodanger.
EastofBadalingPassliesabigrockknownas,“Looking-TowardBeijingRock.”Originally,thisrockwasahugerockmeasuring7meterslongand2meterswide.Itissaidthatin1900,whentheEightAlliedForcesattackedBeijing,EmpressDowagerCixihastilyescapedfromBeijing.Whenshegothere,shesuddenlywantedtoseethecityofBeijingonceagain.ShegotuponthisbigrockandturnedtolooktowardBeijinginthedistance,sothat’swhyitiscalled“Looking-TowardBeijingRock”
TheGreatWallatBadalingaverages7.8metershigh,6.5meterswideatitsbase,and5.8metersonthetop,wideenoughforfivehorsesortensolidierswalkingabreastonthewall.
WatchTowerswerebuiltatregularintervalsontheGreatWallitselfforwatchingovertheinvadingenemy.Awatchtowerwasusuallytwostorieshigh,andthedefensesolidierslivedinside.Thegroundfloorwasusedforstoringweaponsandhadanumberofwindowsforarchers.Theupperfloorhadbattlements,peepholesandaperturesforarchers.Inthemiddleofthetowerthereweresmalllivingquartersforthedefensesolidiers.Thewatchtowerswerenotonlyusedbythedefendingtroopstotakeshelterfromthewind,rainandheat,butalsotofightandchecktheenemy’sadvance,andstorearmsandammunition.
BeacontowerswerebuiltonbothsidesoftheWallatthecommandingpoints，whichwereatthetopofthemountainsorthetwistsandturnsformakingwarningsignals.Whenevertheemenywassighted,fireswerelitonthetopofthebeacontoweratnight,andthesmokeindaytime.Thesmokewasspeciallymadebyburningdriedwolves’dungindaytime.Moreover,thenumberofthefireandsmokecouldrevealthenumberofinvadingenemies.Thesignalofasinglefireorsmokewithoneshotofartilleryfire,warnedtheinvadingtroopsof100enemies;twosmokesandtwoshotsofgunfireindicated500enemies;ifthenumberofthecomingenemieswasaround1,000,therewerethreesmokesandthreeshotsofgunfire.Foursmokesandfourshotsofgunfireindicatedover5,000enemies,and10,000enemieswithfivesmokes,ect.Inthisway,thecommanderswouldnotonlyknowwheretheenemywasapproaching,butalsothenumbersoftheenemy.Thentheycouldbewellpreparedfordefenseagainsttheenemy.
Well,thatisallformypresentation.Thanksforyourattention.I’mlookingforwardtoyournextvisit.Thankyou!