灵隐寺建于东晋咸和初年。相传印度僧人慧理至此，认为飞来峰是“仙灵所隐”之地，遂面山建寺，取名“灵隐”。接下来是小编为大家整理的关于杭州灵隐寺英语导游词，方便大家阅读与鉴赏!杭州灵隐寺英语导游词1L
LingyinTemple,alsoknownasYunlintemple,islocatedinthenorthwestoftheWestLakeinHangzhouCity,ZhejiangProvince.BetweentheFeilaipeakandthenorthpeak,thetwopeaksfaceeachotherinthefoothillsofLingyinmountain.Thetreesaretoweringandbeautiful.Theancienttempleinthedeepmountainsisfullofcloudsandsmoke.ItisascenicresortandoneofthefamousancienttemplesinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.
HistoryofLingyinTemple
FoundedinthefirstyearofXianheintheEasternJinDynasty(326AD),ithasahistoryofmorethan1600yearsandistheearliestfamoustempleinHangzhou.Atthattime,Huili,anIndianmonk,cametoHangzhouandsawthepicturesquepeakshere.Hethoughtthatitwas"hiddenbyimmortals",sohebuiltatemplehereandnamedit"Lingyin".DuringKangxi'stourtothesouthofQingDynasty,heonceclimbedtothetopofthenorthpeakafterthetemple.Hesawthatthecloudforestatthefootofthemountainwasdeserted,andthewholetemplewasshroudedinalightmorningmist,whichmadeitveryquiet.SohenamedLingyinTemple"YunlinTemple".ThefourgiantplaquesofYunlintempleinfrontofTianwanghallarethe"imperialpen"ofEmperorKangxi.IntheheydayofLingyinTemple,therewereninefloors,eighteenpavilionsandseventy-twohalls,withmorethan3000monks.IntheNorthernSongDynasty,thereweremanytemplesinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver,andthemagnificentLingyinTemplewaslistedasthetopofthefivemountainsoftheZentemple.LingyinTemplereallyhasthemeaningof"Yin".ThewholemajestictempleishiddeninthegreenoftheWestLake.InfrontofthetemplearecoldspringsandFeilaipeaks.
MainlandscapeofLingyinTemple:
TianwangHall
ThefirsthallinthegateofLingyinTempleistheheavenlykinghall.Therearetwohugeplaquesonthetopofthehalldoor.Theplaque"YunlinTemple"wasgivenbyEmperorKangxi,thesageofQingDynasty.LingyinTemplewasalsoknownasYunlintemple,whichisbasedonthis.Theinscription"theeagleflies"iswrittenbyMr.Huangyuanxiu.BecausethereisFeilaipeakontheoppositesideofthetemple.ItissaidthatthispeakcomesfromtheIndianspiritEaglePeak.HuilimonkoftheEasternJinDynastythinksthatthispeakishiddenbytheimmortal,andthenameofLingyinTempleisduetothis.Becausetherearefourheavenlykingsinthishall,itiscalledheavenlykinghall.
Inthemiddleofthehall,Maitreyaisworshipped,withabigbellyandagrin.Whenyoustepforward,heseemstobesmilingatyou.Doyouknowwhathisbigbellycontains?Doyoueverunderstandwhyheshouldlaughsoheartily?Theansweris:bigbellycanaccommodatethingsthataredifficulttotolerateintheworld;laughheartilyandlaughatpeoplewhoareridiculousintheworld.
MaitreyaisatransliterationofSanskrit,whichmeanscompassion.AccordingtotheSutra,MaitreyawasbornintoaBrahmanfamily,andlaterbecameadiscipleoftheBuddha.HefirstwenttotheendoftheBuddhaandsaidthattheBodhisattvawasheavenandman,andhelivedindouliuyao.ThestatueoffatMaitreyaisamonkoftheFiveDynasties.HewasborninFenghua,Mingzhou(nowFenghua,ZhejiangProvince)andbecameamonkinYuelintemple.Beforehisdeath,hesatonarockinYuelintempleandsaid,"MaitreyaisMaitreya.It'sreallyMaitreya.It'sdividedintotensofbillionsofpeople.Itshowspeopleallthetime,butpeopledon'tknowit."PeoplethinkthatheistheincarnationofMaitreya,sothestatueisdedicatedtoit.
OnbothsidesofthestatueofMaitreya,youcanseefourtallandpowerfulgenerals.Theyareallwearingarmor,holdingweapons,glaring,givingpeopleasenseofawe.Theyareabitlikethegeneralsintheancientbattlefieldofourcountry.ThesearethefourgoldenGangesthatyouhaveheardfromtimetotime.Butpleasedon'tbeafraid!TheyareallgreatgeneralswhoprotecttheDharma.Theyarepowerfulandunyielding.Theygotoevilandpromotegoodandprotecteveryonewhodoesgood.Sotheyarealsocalled"fourheavenlykingsofprotectingtheworld"inBuddhism.
Amongthem,theoneholdingtheluteisthekingholdingthekingdomintheEast,theoneholdingtheswordisthekinggrowingupinthesouth,theonewiththearmtwiningadragonisthekingholdingtheeyeinthewest,andtheonewiththeumbrellaintherighthandandthesilverratinthelefthandisthekinghearingmoreinthenorth.Theirfourmagicweaponsrepresent"Feng","Diao","Yu"and"Shun"respectively,whichsymbolizes"smoothweatherandpeacefulcountry".AccordingtotheBuddhistScripture,theworldofalllivingbeingsisdividedintothedesireworldandtheRuwuworld.Eachrealmpracticesmeditation
ThelevelofKungFucanbedividedintoseveraldays.Thehighestheavenintheworldofdesireisthe"sixdesireheaven",whichisinhabitedbytheGodofheaven.ThefourheavenlykingswhoupholdBuddhismintheworldofdesirerefertotheeasternheavenlykings,thesouthernheavenlykings,theWesternheavenlykingsandthenorthernheavenlykings.Alsoknownasthefourheavenlykings,thefourheavenlykingsofprotectingtheworld,andthefourheavenlykingsofprotectingtheworld.ThefirstisthecrabofXumimountain,whichiscalled"FourHeavenlyKings".TherestandsabigmountaincalledGandhara.Thismountainhasfourpeaks,onwhichthefourheavenlykingsandtheirfamilieslive.They"protecteachotherforoneday.".
(1)ThekingofheavenintheEastiswhite,holdingaluteandwearingarmour."Holdingthekingdom"meansthatthekingismercifulandprotectsalllivingbeings.GuardDongshengShenzhou.
(2)Thekingofgrowthinthesouthisblueincolor,wearingarmorandholdingasword.Itissaidthathegothisnamebecausehecanmakealllivingbeingsgrowgoodroots.GuardNanzhanisland.
(3)ThekingofheavenwithwideeyesintheWesthasaredbodyandadragoninhishand.Theso-called"wideeyes"issaidintheBuddhistScripturetopurifytheeyesofheaven,observetheworldatanytimeandprotectalllivingbeings.GuardXiniuHezhou.
(4)Inthenorth,thereisalotofnewsaboutthekingofheaven.Heisgreen.Heholdsanumbrellashapedbannerinhisrighthandandasilverratinhisleft.Tobewell-knownmeanstobewell-knownallovertheworld.HeisalsotheGodofwealth,whocansubduethedemonsandprotectthepropertyofalllivingbeingswithhisumbrellaandsilverrat.GuardtheNorthGuluisland.
BehindthestatueofMaitreya,youcanseeastatue-BodhisattvaWeituo.Heholdsthepestleofsubduingdemonswithincomparabledignity,symbolizingthesurrenderofallevilforcesintheworld.HevowedtoprotecttheDharmaandservealllivingbeingsforever.WeiTuo,transliteratedasprivatejiantuoinSanskrit.AccordingtotheBuddhistscriptures,thisGod,alsoknownasgeneralWeiTian,isoneoftheEightGeneralsunderthesoutherngrowthheavenlykingandthefirstgeneralamongthe32generalsofthefourheavenlykings.HeisthemostfamousDharmaprotectorofmonks,monasteriesandfasting.WhentheBuddhawasabouttoenterNirvana,generalWeihadbeeninstructedbytheBuddhatoprotecttheDharma.Therefore,intoday'sBuddhisttemples,WeituostatuesaregenerallySakyamunistatuesfacingthemainhalltoprotecttheBuddhaandexpelevilspirits.ThestatueofWeiTuoinLingyinTempleisarelicoftheearlySouthernSongDynasty,whichhasahistoryofmorethan800years.TheimageofWeiTuoishigh
2.5meters,iscarvedwithacamphorwood.ItisoneoftheearliestexistingBuddhastatuesinLingyinTemple.mainhall
Themainhall,commonlyreferredtoasthe"mainhall",isaplaceformonkstochantscripturesandpracticetogetherinthemorningandevening.AccordingtotheBuddhistscriptures,SakyamuniBuddhahasthewisdomandpowertosubduethefivedemons,thevexingdemons,thedeaddemonsandtheheavenlydemons.Itiscalled"Mahatma",whichmeansallfearlessHercules.Later,itwasregardedasSakyamuni's"Virtue".Therefore,thetemplealsocalledthemainhallofSakyamuniBuddhaasthemainhall.
Infrontofthedoorofthishall,therearefourwordsof"miaozhongyu"writtenbyMr.ZhangZongxiang,theformerdirectorofZhejiangProvincialLibrary.Atthebottomofthismagnificentplaque,therearefourwordsof"DaXiongBaoDian",whichwasrewrittenforthesecondtimebythelatecalligrapherMr.ShaMenghaiin1987."Daxiong"isthenameofBuddha.ItmeansthatBuddhahasgreatpowerandcansubduedemons.ItmeansthatSakyamuniisnobleandpowerful.
ThishallisaTangstylebuildingbuiltintheQingDynasty.Itadoptsthetraditionalmethodofsingle-layertriplerestingonthetopofthemountaininancientarchitecture.Withthehigheavesandwings,thehugeroofappearslightandlively.Thetiledecoration,windowpattern,Dougong,flyingreliefandclouddragondrawingontheceilingallshowthesuperbartofancientChinesearchitecture.Thehallis33.6metersinheight,sevenroomsinwidth,andfourquestionsinwidth.Itisgrandandmagnificent.ItisrareinotherBuddhisttemplesinChina.
TheBuddhasittingonthelotusplatforminthemiddleofthehallisSakyamuni.In1953,whentheLingyinTemplewasrebuilt,ProfessorDengBaifromtheEastChinabranchoftheCentralAcademyoffinearts,basedonthefamousBuddhistsculpturesofZenintheTangDynasty,carefullydesignedandcocreatedwithEastChinafolkartists,andcarvedwith24piecesofcamphorwood.ItwasapprovedbyPremierZhouEnlaihimself.ThisstatueofBuddhawithlotusseatis24.8metershigh,only19.6metershigh.ItisthelargestcamphorwoodstatueinChina.TheBuddhastatueisfull-bodied,kindandsolemn.Sitonthelotusstand,liftyourlefthandupandmakeaauspiciousgesture.Leanyourheadforwardslightlyandgazeatyoureyes.
Whenyouenterthetempleandlookup,youcanseetheBuddha'slineofsight,whichshowstheBuddha'scareforalllivingbeings.
ThestatuesstandingontheEastandwestsidesofthehallarecalledthetwentyheavens.TheycomefromthegoldenlightSutra.Theyaregodsinchargeofthesun,themoon,theearth,water,electricity,fire,rain,windandwealth.ThetenEasternstatuesare:pojieluolong,zengtianwang,qiangdishen,guizimu,weituozuntian,moshouluotian,duokuangtianwang,dagongdetian,rigongTianzianddafangtianwang.ThetenstatuesintheWestare:Yanluoemperor,molizhitian,Guanglvemperor,bodhitreegod,Sanzhigeneral,VajraMiji,CHIGUOemperor,dadiancaitian,YuegongemperorandEmperorshizuntian.Theirweaponsandweaponssymbolizetheirgreatpowers.Fromtheclothestheywear,wecanseethattheyimitatetheclothesofthecivilandmilitaryofficialsofthefeudaldynasty.
Thereare12statuessittingontheEastandwestsidesoftheback.Theyareknownas"twelveyuanJue",whichmeans"completeconsciousness".ItissaidthattheyarethetwelvedisciplesoftheBuddha.FromtheEast,theyareManjusri,Puyan,xianshou,Guangyin,MaitreyaandJingyin;fromthewest,theyarePuxian,miaogue,Shanhui,Shanjian,jingangzangandWeiyin.ThelayoutofthehallwithtwelvesensesisveryrareinBuddhisttemplesalloverthecountry.
Onthebackwallofthemainhall,youcanseeagroupoflargesculptures,morethan20metershigh.Allthesculpturematerialsaremadeofclaywithoutanycement.Ittakes"theboyworshipstheAvalokitesvara"asthemainbody,andhas150Buddhastatuesofdifferentsizes,allofwhichhavedifferentandlifelikeexpressions.ItalsofullyshowstheallusionthatthegoodfortuneboyintheBuddhistSutraofHuayantraveledtotheSouthandvisited53famousteachersbeforehecouldachievetherightresult.Itistheso-called"53ginseng".
Thisgroupofsculpturesisdividedintothreelayers:sky,earthandsea.ThehaggardandscalystatueonthetopistheformofSakyamuni'spracticeinthesnowmountainbeforehebecameaBuddha.ThegoldbodysittingontheunicorninthemiddleisliketheBodhisattvaofTibet.Inthemiddleofthebottomisthewell-knownGuanyinBodhisattvawithawaterbottleinhishand.Hestepsonthefishandtakesthelead.Thisfishissaidtobethekingofthesea.Intheblinkofaneye,itmaycauselandslides,tsunamis,floodsandearthquakes.Later,itwastamedbyGuanyinBodhisattva,soitbecametheseatofGuanyinBodhisattva.OntherightsideofGuanyinBodhisattva,thereisaboywithhandsfoldedandwearingaredbellybag.Heisshancai.OntheleftsideistheDragonGirl.Thefolklegendof"goldenboyandjadegirl"referstothem.ThisgroupofyongbigroupsculpturescanbesaidtobeexcellentworksofBuddhistart,whichfullyembodiesthedivineskillofreligiousartists.
PharmacistHall
ThethirdHallofthetemple,thehallofpharmacists,hasasingle-layerdoubleeavesonthetopofthemountain.Therearesevenroomsonthetopofthehallandthreeroomsinthedepth.Abovethemaindoor,therearethreecharactersnamed"Hallofpharmacists"byMr.ZhaoPuchu,theformerpresidentoftheChineseBuddhistAssociation.Thecharactersaredignifiedandpowerful.OnthelotuspedestalofthehallisthepharmacistBuddha.StandingontheleftsideisthesunlightBodhisattva,holdingthesuninhishand,symbolizinglight.StandingontherightsideisthemoonlightBodhisattva,holdingthemooninhishand,symbolizingcool.Theyarecollectivelyknownasthe"threesaintsoftheEast".
Accordingtotherecordsofthebookofpharmacists,thepharmacistBuddhaistheleaderoftheOrientalpureglassworld,alsoknownasthe"kingofMedicineBuddha".Becausehecanmakealllivingbeingsfreefrompainandhappiness,relievepainanddisasters,sopeoplealsocallhim"disasterreliefandlongevitymedicineBuddha".WhenhewaspracticingBodhisattva,hemadetwelvegreatwishes,eachofwhichwastofulfillthewishesofalllivingbeings,relievetheirsufferingandcuretheirillness.
TheOrientalpureglassworldismorethansolemn.Everythingthereisincomparablypureandbright.Therearenofiveevilsandnothreeevils.ItisapurelandthatBuddhistsyearnfor.
ThetwelvestatuesonbothsidesofthehallarethetwelvedisciplesofthepharmacistBuddha,knownas"medicineboy",alsoknownasthe"medicinefork"and"Magicgeneral".Eachofthemhadseventhousanddivinesoldiersforhimtodispatch.Theywereondutyfortwelvehourstoeducateandprotectalllivingbeings.
DharmaHall
Zhizhitang,thefourthHallofthetemple.Zhizhi,whichmeans"Zhizhipeople'sheart,Zhizhihall",isalsoequivalenttoothermonasteries'Dharmahall.Inmonasteries,itismainlyusedforpreachingscriptures.Manylarge-scaleDharmameetingsinmonasteriesareheldhere.
InthemiddleoftheDharmahall,thereisaplatformcarvedwithDongyangwood,whichisveryexquisite.ThereisaLeoonit,whichistheDharmaseatwhenthemagepreaches.MasterXunYinpreachesthattheDharmaoftheTathagatacandestroytheevilspiritsoftheoutsideworld.It'slikealionroaring,andallanimalswillobeyit,soit'snamedLeo.Onthebackoftheseats,thereareexquisitesculptures,whicharethemainfeaturesoftheDharmahall.Theso-calledFalunreferstotheBuddha'sviewthatthereismorethanonepersonandoneplace,justlikeawheel,whichiscontinuous,soitiscalledFalun.
Culturalrelicsexhibitionhall
BelowthehallistheculturalrelicsexhibitionhallofLingyinTemple,coveringanareaof638squaremeters.Itisequippedwithwater-proof,fire-proof,moisture-proof,electronicmonitoringandair-conditioningsystems.Thereare40or50displaycabinetsinthehall,whichcontaintheculturalrelicsofLingyinTemple.Thecollectioncanberoughlydividedintofouraspects:first,themagictoolsusedbytheabbotsofLingyinTemple,suchasFengChenandRuyi;second,thepureculturalrelics,suchastheporcelainvasesoftheSouthernSongDynasty;third,theBuddhistculturalrelics,suchastheBeiyeSutra,theSutrawrittenbytheTangpeople,andtheunearthedBuddhastatues;Finally,therearerichandunusualtreasuresofcalligraphyandpainting,suchasWuChangshuo'ssealwritingbanners,RenBonian'sfan,ShaMenghai'shandwrittencouplet,andthelivingBuddhaJigongpaintedbythebambooZenmonksintheQingDynasty.SomeoftheculturalrelicsareextremelypreciousandhavebeenapprovedbytheHangzhouMunicipalBureauofculturalrelics
1、Culturalrelicsundersecondandthirdlevelprotection.TheculturalrelicsexhibitionhallcanbesaidtobeaminiatureofthehistoryofLingyinTemple.ItembodiesthebroadandprofoundBuddhistcultureandisarealtreasurehouse.